Constructivism :: essays research papers fc

Students need to be subject to learn how to become effective problem solvers.They should be able to detect problems, evaluate those problems and thendecipher a way to transfer their learning to those problems in a way that bequeathbring ab away a solution. If a student is able to perform in a problem solvingsituation a meaningful learning should then occur because he has constructedan description of how things reverse using preexisting structured. This is thetheory behind Constructivism. By creating a personal interpretation ofexternal ideas and experiances, constructivism allows students the ability tounderstand how ideas can relate to apiece other and preexisting friendship. Ateacher must then recognize the importance of the cognative and socialapproaches for learning and teaching so that she may aid the students exploitation in constructivist learning. Both approaches are valuable becauseone will emphasize the role of cognative processes and the other willemphasize culture and social interaction in the role of meaningful learning.One, however, may wonder how to go about enforcing these approaches.One method is through with(predicate) scaffolding, providing a student with sufficientinformation to be able to complete a task on his own or, to present a gradualdecrease in the amount of help availible allowing the student the capacity towork independantly. Situated learning will present the student with a set oflearning tasks placed in realistic contexts. This will include the abilities to useknowledge in a functioning learning approach and acquiring inert knowledgebased on the learning of isolated facts in limited conditions. Lastly, studentsshould, through the use of multiple perspectives, be able to view problemsand ideas. These ideas presented will then be able to shed light on the natureof problem solving. thither are three most common types of problems, the firstbeing well-structured problems. Well-structured problems are ones clearlystated with kn own solution procedures and evaluation standards an examplebeing a mathamatical process. Another type of problem are those that areill-structured they are stated vaguely, have unclear solution procedures, andvague standards of evalalution. The third type, issue problems, areill-structured problems that will arrouse srtong feelings in the students. Thefirst step in helping students become adaquate problems solvers is assuringthey realize that a problem does exist. Once a problem is identifiedm studentsshould be evaluate to understand the nature of the problem. The next logicalstep would then be for those students to compile all relevant information totheir problem allowing them to formulate and carry out a solution. Lastly, thestudents would then be required to evaluate their solutions working out the

Aspects of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Romeo and Juliet Essays

Aspects of Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Aspects of Love Discuss the various forms of savor that are present in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Its a clich to say that Romeo and Juliet is the great love story ever told. People say this because it is the most famous love story told and the play has various aspects of love and non only one. veritable(a) the phrase the greatest love story ever told was used as a tagline for the recent Baz Luhrmann film. The prologue is full of violent and negative language e.g. ancient grudge, urbane blood, fatal lions, death- marked, rage. But also has words to do with love e.g. star crossed lovers. You can already tell that this is going to be a love story with trouble, worry and violence in it. The first reference to an aspect of love in this so-called greatest love story ever told later on the Prologue is to transgress and therefore lust not love. The first two characters that the audience is introd uced to are Sampson and Gregory. They are vulgar and crude, making many sexual references and innuendoes. They do not see love as involving emotions or desires, but as a purely physical thing, sexual not emotional. Sampson refers to women as weaker vessels and tells of how he will rape the maids of the Montague household Women being the weaker vessels are ever thrust to the wall, I will push Montagues men from the wall, and thrust his maids to the wall. Both Sampson and Gregory have petty larceny and narrow perceptions of love. Neither of them appears to have ever experienced true love. They talk in a crude and coarse manner and see women as objects not people. Courtly love characterises Romeos behaviour at the start as he mopes over the unattainable Rosaline. This is only upper class and is not needs about love. It is really a series of expectations, aristocratic societies expected their young men to idolise a woman out of their league. This happens to Romeo because he is self-pitying

Solar System Essay -- Science Astrology Planets Essays

Solar SystemHumans live on a small planet in a tiny part of a vast universe. This part of the universe is called the solar corpse, and is dominated by a single brilliant star-the sun. The solar system is the earths neighbourhood and the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and netherworld are the Earths neighbours. They all have the same stars in the toss bug out and orbit the same sun. Scientists believe the solar system began about 5 billion years ago, perhaps when a nearby star exploded and caused a large cloud of dust and gas to collapse in on itself. The hot, central part of the cloud became the sun, while some smaller pieces formed round it and became the planets. Other fragments became asteroids and comets, which also orbit the sun. The early solar system was a turbulent mix of hot gas and rocky debris.In the solar system e trulything is affected by the suns gravity. The planets and a variety of other objects, including comets, move the way they do because of the suns gravitational attraction. Our planet, Earth, is the third out from the sun. The planets are all different. Their differences are largely the result of their different distances from the sun.We call the planets that are conterminousr to the sun, including the Earth, the inner planets. They are small rocky worlds. The outer planets are much larger and are made from much lighter materials. All but two planets, Mercury and Venus, have moons in orbit around them.The moonlightThe explorers found a dead world. There is no air and no water. Without an atmosphere, the sky is black at midday and the temperatures swing by hundreds of degrees from day to night. No rivers or oceans have eroded the surface no volcanoes are rebuilding the boring landscape.The surface has survived unchanged for billions of years. Smooth plains and lava flows that froze on the Moon long forwards life arose on the Earth. Elsewhere, the Moon still bears the scars of every rock that has hit i t from space, both large and small. The footprints of the visiting astronauts will survive for millions of years.Crash and splashAstronomers like a shot believe the Moon is the remains of a giant cosmic traffic accident. In its very early days, the Earth was hit by a gambol planet the size of Mars. White-hot molten rock were splashed into space, and solidified into a ring of rocks around the Earth. These th... ...ut beyond Neptune. Then the surprises began to appear.First, infernal region follows a very elongated path rather than a neat circle around the Sun. Its orbit crosses over Neptunes more circular route, so that sometimes Pluto is actually closer to the Sun than Neptune is. Its orbit it also tilted up more than any other planet. Double planetWith better telescopes, astronomers found that Pluto is far smaller than any other planet-only half the size of Mercury is. And its not alone. In 1978, a moon was discovered orbiting very close to Pluto itself only a powerful telesco pe can show them apart. This moon, Charon, is half Plutos own size, so that the two look more like a double planet and its moon.Charon lies so close to Pluto that it looms large in the sky. Pluto and Charon always turn the same face to to each one other as they orbit from one side of Pluto Charon is always visible, while an imaginary inhabitant on the other side would never date Charon at all.In the 1990s, astronomers started finding many smaller worlds orbiting the Sun in this region, rather like the asteroid belt further in. Because they are made mainly of frozen water and gases, they are called ice dwarfs.

Proprioception Loss: Blinding the Mind From the Body :: Medicine Medicinal Medical Essays

Proprioception Loss Blinding the Mind From the BodyProprioception can be described as the minds awareness of the eubstance. Proprioception provides the central nervous organisation unconscious information about the body (Bluestone, 1992). The awareness of our body may be difficult to understand until we acquire lost our proprioceptive sense. Researchers concerned with proprioception have usu all(prenominal)y directed their studies toward identifying in what processes proprioception plays a major role, and what processes may be hindered if proprioception loss is severe. Unfortunately, not much is known about proprioception, or how much proprioception contributes to operable accuracy (Gordon, Ghilhardi, & Ghez, 1995). Sherrington (1961) declares that the proprioceptive receptors, the nerves associated with proprioception, are effective at determining changes inside the organism which is where the term proprioception originates. He explains that proprioceptive receptors are used sp ecially in muscles and their accessory organs. Proprioceptive receptors and some receptors in the labyrinth (equilibrium detector located in the inner ear) work together to form our receptive systems. Finally, Sherrington shares that proprioception is answerable for continuous reflexes in skeletal muscles. In other words, proprioceptive receptors are responsible for detecting when an area of the body is out of its natural state and prompts the muscles to redeem the area to a resting state. Proprioception may be best understood by looking at cases of proprioceptive loss.To illustrate the profound effects of proprioceptive loss, Oliver Sacks authenticated a clinical case of a woman who lost all proprioception (1985). Sacks declared that the sense of our bodies relies on three things vision, the vestibular stystem, and proprioception. His client lost all proprioception and could not walk without watching her own legs, or talk without listening to her own voice. She could not truly d etermine if she had a body. The patient could not bring about any motor movements most people would deem natural without relying on environmental feedback to achieve the simplest maneuver. Oliver Sacks clinical story reflects how much the mind depends on proprioception for eventide the most rudimentary actions not thought consciously considered. The following research demonstrates the importance of proprioception.A group of researchers conducted a study to determine the deficits caused by the lose of neck and body proprioception (Blouin et. al., 1995). Their experiment consisted of normal individuals as well as a patient who had permanent and selective loss of neck and whole body proprioception. They determined through clinical tests that the patient could not maintain upright posture without losing balance or perceive passive body rotations with the head stationary (p.

EASY ON THE RELISH :: English Literature

EASY ON THE RELISHThe two characters I direct chosen to write about, apart from Tofler,are Ray and Brian. The reason for my choice is that both of thesecharacters play a large and significant part in the play, in particularRay. They compliment each other because, Brian is serious, whereas Rayis carefree and has a sense of humor.RAY is 18 years of age and was a butchers apprentice, until he losthis job. He is a cockney, fairly well built and a jack-the-lad type ofcharacter, who no one pushes around. He detests rules and regulations.In Act One, facial expression 1 he says, No smoking in the locker room. What isthis, bleadin Alcatraz?Despite his objection to working in a burger bar instead of anorganization that sells real midpoint not donkey flavoured camel turds,his lack of education gives him no option than to work at Binders. Anexample to support this theory is in Act Two, Scene 3 during aconversation with Kishori. Well, Im not sayin Im not pissed off,cos I am. But no sense in c ausin a ruckus. I mean, I need the money.Ill take money from anyone. Yanks included.Ray is also a male chauvinist. In Act Three, Scene 1 he proves thisbecause he has second thoughts about joining a union, as suggested byKishori, when he says to Francis Well shes a bird. shape up into theconversation he continues his reasons saying A bit of skirt stirringit up like that. Mens work, unions. Always has been.Ray is a racist. At the beginning of the play in Act One, Scene 1 heobjects to wearing the hats provided as part of Bunter uniform andsays that the hat reminded him of a fez. Im not wearin no gypo gear,gainst my religion. His racist attitude if further evident in ActThree, Scene 1. He not only objects to Kishori because she is a cleaning ladytelling him what to do, but also because she is of ethnic origin andcalled her a Paki bird.Ray is a generally likeable but ignorant character, who is not very blazing and whose lack of education is evident because of his poor useof English lang uage and grammar. He is easily led into situationswithout thinking out the consequences first and generally likes to gowith the flow of things. However, he appears anxious that Brian isalso keen to join the union and picket the burger bar which suggeststhat he is not as confident as he would like those around him tobelieve and feels more self assured with Brians support.

EASY ON THE RELISH :: English Literature

EASY ON THE RELISHThe two characters I have chosen to write about, asunder from Tofler,are Ray and Brian. The reason for my choice is that both of thesecharacters play a large and significant part in the play, particularlyRay. They compliment each former(a) because, Brian is serious, whereas Rayis carefree and has a sense of humor.RAY is 18 years of age and was a butchers apprentice, until he losthis job. He is a cockney, fairly well built and a jack-the-lad type ofcharacter, who no one pushes around. He detests rules and regulations.In Act One, Scene 1 he says, No skunk in the locker room. What isthis, bleadin Alcatraz?Despite his objection to working in a burger bar instead of anorganization that sells real meat not donkey flavoured camel turds,his overlook of education gives him no option than to work at Binders. Anexample to support this theory is in Act Two, Scene 3 during aconversation with Kishori. Well, Im not sayin Im not pissed off,cos I am. But no sense in causin a ruck us. I mean, I need the money.Ill take money from anyone. Yanks included.Ray is withal a male chauvinist. In Act Three, Scene 1 he proves thisbecause he has second thoughts about joining a union, as suggested byKishori, when he says to Francis Well shes a bird. Further into theconversation he continues his reasons saying A bit of skirt stirringit up like that. Mens work, unions. Always has been.Ray is a racist. At the beginning of the play in Act One, Scene 1 heobjects to wearing the hats provided as part of Bunter uniform andsays that the hat reminded him of a fez. Im not wearin no gypo gear,gainst my trust. His racist attitude if further unornamented in ActThree, Scene 1. He not only objects to Kishori because she is a womantelling him what to do, but also because she is of ethnic origin andcalled her a Paki bird.Ray is a generally likeable but ignorant character, who is not verybright and whose lack of education is evident because of his poor useof English language and grammar . He is easily led into situationswithout thinking out the consequences first and generally likes to gowith the flow of things. However, he appears anxious(p) that Brian isalso keen to join the union and picket the burger bar which suggeststhat he is not as confident as he would like those around him to desire and feels more self assured with Brians support.

The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

The Soviet Union and easterly Europe The manhoods well-nigh reigning Communist country was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or otherwise known as the Soviet Union. It contained 15 republics that were chequerled by a central governance. over time, it developed into a large industrial office that dictated all aspects of the national frugality. It set levels of wages and prices, controlled the allocation of resources, and decided what would be produced and how and where goods would be distri preciselyed. The Soviet Union was corrupted after World War I.Economic reco really such as Russian industrial production had gotten passed prewar levels by forty percent. new-made power plants, canals, and giant factories were built. Testing of hydrogen bombs in 1953 and Sputnik 1 in 1957 enhanced the Soviet states report as a world power abroad. Soviet people did not have much, their apartments one room served as both a bed and living room. As the struggle for power continued, Jo seph Stalin, the general secretary of the Communist society, became the master of the Soviet Union and he had a low amount of respect for Communist Party leaders.Stalin was a selfish leader and did not think people from his circle could do any(prenominal)thing without him. He believed in a favorableist political science. The government issued a gild that all literary and scientific work must conform to the political needs of the state itself. As a result of this, there was increased terror. some believed new purges were to come until Stalin died on March 5. afterward Stalins determinationing, a man named Nikita Khrushchev came in as the chief Soviet policy maker and better his regime. Khrushchev deleted Stalins ruthless policies which became known as De-Stalinization.He also loosened government control on Stalins literary works. Khrushchev tried to make consumer goods more popular. He also cute to increase agricultural output by growing corn and cultivating lands that were east of the Ural Mountains. His attempt in increasing agriculture weakened his reputation within the party. As a result of his bad reputation and increased military spending, the Soviet economy became ruined. He was suddenly deposed in 1964. After Khrushchev vicious from power, Leonid Brezhnev, who had been serving as his deputy in the party secretariat, became first secretary of the party.Under his rule the de-Stalinization campaign was highly relaxed. Previous experimental agricultural programs were delinquent and the economy began to flourish. Cold war tensions eased after the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 and there was a limited opening for cultural exchanges with the West. Competition shifted to a spot and arms race. In Yugoslavia, a man by the name of Tito, also known as Josip Broz, was the leader of the Communist resistance movement. He wanted an self-supporting Communist state in Yugoslavia. Tito refused to agree with Stalins demands of taking over Yugoslavia.By portrayin g the struggle as one of Yugoslav national license, Tito gained his peoples support. Tito ruled Yugoslavia up until his death in 1980. Yugoslavia was a Communist government, solely not a Soviet satellite state. The Soviet Union did not conquer its Eastern Europe satellites to become independent of Soviet control, especially in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary. Protests took place in Poland the Polish Communist Party adopted a serial publication of reforms in October 1956. They elected a first secretary named Wladyslaw Gomulka. He said that Poland had the right to follow its own socialist path.Poland was afraid of the Soviet armed result to his remark so they pledged to remain loyal to the Warsaw Pact. Unrest in Hungary and economic difficulties led to a revolt. What added to the rising rebellion was Imre Nagy, the Hungarian leader, stated Hungary a free nation on November 1, 1956. It also promised free elections. Three days after Nagys declaration, the Soviet Army attacked Bud apest. 23 After this, the Soviets reestablished control over the country. Nagy was then seized by the Soviet military and executed dickens years later. 24Alexander Dubcek was elected first secretary of the Communist party. 25 He introduced freedom of speech and press of freedom to travel abroad. He relaxed censorship, began to pursue an independent foreign policy, and promised a gradual democratization of the Czechoslovakia political system. 26 He wanted to create socialism with a human face. 27 All the happiness of the people was ended when the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968 28 and low the reform movement. Gustav Husak replaced Dubcek, did not follow his reforms, and reestablished the old order. 28In that same year of 1968 a movement for liberal reforms gained widespread support in Czechoslovakia. 29 When the Czech government seemed to be moving away from the Soviet-style rule, the Soviet Union reacted by sending troops into Czechoslovakia in August to ensure t he removal of Czech leaders. 30 After this invasion, the Soviets developed the Brezhnev doctrine,31 a policy that called for Soviet intervention to stop any developments that may disrupt the Communist order in Eastern Europe. 32 Political and economic patterns remained constant and still into the 1980s.An invasion of Afghanistan to help a puppet regime broke down into guerrilla warfare. 33 In most cases the Soviets were cautious international players dodging any direct military interventions. Workers and youth began to react to their strict control and lack of consumer goods. High alcoholism increased death place and lowered production. A growing economic crisis beginning in the mid-1980s forced major political change. 34 Efforts at reform were matched by developments in Eastern Europe that ended the Russian empire.The initial cause was a deteriorating economy hampered by the costs of rivalry with the United States. By the 1980s the economy was grinding to a halt. Forced industrial ization had caused extensive environmental disaster throughout eastern Europe. Related diseases impaired optimism and economic performance. Infant mortality rates increased highly. Industrial production slowed and economic growth stopped, but one-third of national income continued to go to military production. 35 Younger leaders acknowledge that the system might very well hand. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev introduced reforms. 6 He urged nuclear reduction and negotiated with the United States a limitation of medium-range missiles in Europe. The war in Afghanistan was ended by Soviet withdrawal. Internally Gorbachev proclaimed the freedom to comment and criticize. He commended use of market incentives and less use of administrative controls. But virile limits on political freedom remained and the centralized planning apparatus resisted reform. Gorbachevs policies partly reflected ambivalence about the West as he reduced isolation but still criticized Western determine. He wanted refo rm, not abandonment of basic communist controls.The keynote to reform was perestroika, or economic restructuring. 37 This meant more head-to-head ownership and decentralized control of aspects of the economy. Foreign investment was encouraged and military expenditures were reduced to free resources for consumer goods. In 1988 a new constitution gave considerable power to a parliament and abolished the communist monopoly of elections. Gorbachev was elected to a new and powerful presidency in 1990 as people argued for or against reform. 38 By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union had been replaced by a loose union of republics. 9 Gorbachev was dissatisfied so he decided to resign and was replaced by an elected president, Boris Yeltsin. 40 The Communist party was dissolved. Continuing uncertainty showed in 1993 when Yeltsin clashed with the parliament. 41 Yeltsin and the army triumphed and elections followed to produce another constitution. In the midst of continuing political confusion tw o trends predominated the economy was weak and there was a breakdown of values and discipline. 42 Crime flourished and growing economic class divisions threatened stability.The economic and political conditions make the states of Eastern Europe to take advantage of the new times to seek independence and internal reform. Soviet troops were withdrawn. Bulgaria arranged free elections in 1989 43 Hungary and Poland in 1988 installed noncommunist governments and moved toward a free economy. 44 Czechoslovakia did the same in 1989. 45 Without a doubt the Soviet Union began to collapse. Ethnic and national tensions got worsened dramatically during 1989 to 1991. 46 There was heavy controversy between Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldavia, and Kirghizia. 7 The Soviet government responded by sending troops to these regions to restore order. All 15 of the republics proclaimed that their laws were more superior than those of the central government. During 1989 to 1990, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Armen ia, Georgia, and Moldavia all confirmed that they were going to separate from the USSR. 48 However the Soviet government did not recognize any of these independence claims and in 1990 Soviet troops stormed various communications facilities in Lithuania and Latvia. 49 During 1988-89, Gorbachev implemented various governmental reforms that radically changed he way in which the Soviet Union was ruled. 49 He persuaded the Communist party to relinquish its monopoly on political power and to recognize the authority of the new Supreme Soviet and the newly created Congress of Peoples Deputies. 50 Also, the government created the office of president vested it with broad executive powers. Gorbachev was elected to that position in 1989. 51 The government approved a variety of economic reforms aimed at introducing a market-based economy. These measures included the legalization of private businesses and the reduction of state subsidies for many industries.Numerous economic problems followed, in cluding high ostentation and shortages of many goods, in particular food. 52 Meanwhile, democratic reform movements arose in eastern European countries and the legitimacy of Communist rule was challenged. Gorbachev rejected the Brezhnev doctrine 53 and made little effort to support the Communist governments in these nations. Most of them either collapsed or were reconstituted as democratically oriented regimes with the Communist party in a minor role. Gorbachevs hands-off policy made possible the reunification of Germany in 1990. 4 East Germany in 1989 removed its communist leaders55 the Berlin rampart came down and full German unification occurred in 1990. 56 In 1991, Gorbachev negotiated a power-sharing accord with most of the union republics. 57 In August, before the treaty was signed, a group of hardline Communists overthrew Gorbachev and seized control of the government. 58 The coup failed very fast because of the large amount of opposition led by Boris Yeltsin and the failur e of measurable military units to support the coup. Gorbachev survived the attempted coup because of popular support and eventually returned to power.The failed effort led to renewed attacks on the Communist party and to independence movements by minority nationalities. The only violence occurred in Romania when an authoritarian ruler was overthrown. The Communists retained power, through elections, in Bulgaria and Romania. In addition, Gorbachev quit his position as general secretary. 59 A new transitional government designed to give more power to the 15 republics was established. Nationalism continued to rise among the republics. In September of 1991, the Soviet government noticed that Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were all independent. 0 By November, practically all the rest of the republics had proclaimed their wish for independence from the Soviet Union but at the same time to keep a unified economic economy. On December 8th, Russia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia formed a loose co nfederation known as the population of Independent States, 61 otherwise known as the CIS. By the end of that same month, around December 21, all of the rest of the republics joined the CIS, except for Georgia. 62 In The Baltic republics declared independence and other regions threatened to secede.By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union had been replaced by a loose union of republics. 63 Gorbachev became very unhappy and on December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union. 64 This ultimately ended the nation. The Communist party was dissolved. Continuing uncertainty showed in 1993 when Yeltsin clashed with the parliament. 65 Yeltsin and the army triumphed and elections followed to produce another constitution. In the midst of continuing political confusion two trends predominated the economy was weak and there was a breakdown of values and discipline.Crime flourished and growing economic class divisions threatened stability. The new situation in Eastern Europe was marred by ethnic clashes. Yugoslavia fell apart and barbarian fighting broke out among its former components. The new governments faced serious economic and environmental problems. Communist parties in Poland and Hungary won elections in 1993-199466 because of economic grievances, but did not attempt to restore the former system because of agitation among minority nationalities some demanded independence.Although there were several changes over the last decade in Eastern Europe, the 20th century brought fewer changes. The Soviets claimed they were allowing equality for women, but never actually did. 67 They also had negotiated a federation between republics, but minority nationalists were eer under ethnic Russian control and continued to want to be in charge of their own affairs. However religion maintained a ascendant role in the state. People continued to be interested in Western culture, especially in the east European nations. 8 Components of the communist onetime(prenominal ) survive still survive to this very day. The loss of superpower status is resented and the prospects of democratic leadership are insecure. East Europeans whole-heartedly value the benefits of communist welfare social protections and social inequality limits, hoping to combine such ideas with capitalist tendencies. The Russian emphasis on authoritarian government with extreme centralization of power remained. The emphasis on territorial acquisition was maintained with the command of Eastern Europe after 1945. 9 Among the continuities were a sense of cultural isolation from the West, Russian ethnic domination over minority ethnic and religious groups, and the predominance of the novel as a literary form. Among the differences were the destruction of the powerful landholding aristocracy, the lack of emphasis of the role of Orthodox Christianity, the creation of an industrialized society with a social hierarchy, the presence of household patterns typical of an industrialized state, t he attempt to introduce socialist realism70 into the arts, and the collapse of isolation

Ethics in Our Everyday Lives Essay

This paper will discuss how respectable motive relate in our everyday lives and more specifically how morals argon used in our workplace to a fault how moral philosophy are used by companies. This paper will also cover how businesses have implemented good procedures, standards and how these businesses flourished because of the efficient use of ethical standards.I consider ethics, as easy as religion, as supplements to law in the government of man.Thomas JeffersonEthics in our Everyday Lives. As a society we are faced with ethical problems every day, and how we handle these situations shape our culture and lives. However, what are ethics? The meaning of ethics is hard to pin down, and the views many people have about them are shaky. People scarper to associate ethics with their feelings. But being ethical is understandably not a matter of following ones feelings, nor should one identify ethics with religion, the law or whatever society accepts. Ethics refers to the changeless effort of studying our moral conduct, and our own moral beliefs, and striving to ensure that we, and the institutions we help to shape, live up to standards that are reasonable and concrete. It is not enough to be able to do the right thing when we ourselves have nothing to lose. We must be willing to fulfill our ethical obligations at the expense of our self-centered desires and vested interests. (Dr. Richard capital of Minnesota & Dr. Linda Elder, 2003)In short, ethics is doing what is right even when no one is whole steping. Well-founded standards of right and incorrect that advocate what tenders ought to do, usually in terms of rights, benefits to society, obligations, fairness, or specific virtues stem directly from having ethics. Ethical standards also impose the judicious obligations to refrain from rape, stealing, murder, assault, and fraud, therefore a society with a unwavering code of ethics tends to run smoothly. A society with no code of ethics could very well devel op into anarchy. Although arguments have been made, to the contrary, ethics are just as lively in the workplace. Ethics are essential in the workplace because a tough ethical code provides a non-threatening environment with high employee morale, a companionship that exhibits clear-cut ethics tends to take the stand higher profits, and simply because it is the right thing to do. Perhaps most important, attention to ethics in the workplaces helps ensure that when leaders and managers are struggling in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass, and this goes for the workers as well.The Ethics imaging Center, a non-profit, non-partisan disposal devoted to business ethics, released the results of its 2005 issue Business Ethics Survey, polling more than 3000 workers across America. The results were disheartening 21% observed abusive or intimidating behavior toward employees. 19% observed lying to customers, employees, vendors or the public. 18% observed situa tions that placed employee interests over company interests. 16% observed violations of safety regulations and misreporting of time worked (Verschoor, 2000, pp. 19-20) Environments that accommodate these low ethical standards tend to feel unfriendly to the average employee. When this behavior is witnessed repeatedly over time, it lowers morale. And low moral easily leads the employee feels no loyalty towards the company and in turn the company feels no loyalty towards its employees. A workplace that encourages the effective ethical administration, however, is a workplace that breeds strong morale.Patricia Harned, ERC president, states Creating a strong ethical environment should be a top precedence of all companies. (Verschoor, 2000, pp. 19-20) According to Workplace Ethics, a company with strong ethical guidelines has a few commonalities. Companies watch encouraged communication the staff feels up to(p) and unthreatened about reporting and discussing ethical concerns. They also clarify rewards and punishments, which provides a meaningful context to what otherwise seems arbitrary. Businesses that encourage trust between management and employs well tend to have a much easier time enforcing their ethical standards. Also businesses found out that by promoting this strategy that it was much less expensive and more effective than legally defining and enforcing their ethical standards. These organizations also build corporate values, which improves the corporate image. (Compilation, 1999) This creates an environment that employees find a joy to work in.Furthermore, from a corporate opinion it is just as significant to note that an ethical company tends to be a profitable company. Can a company have ethical practices, and unagitated show a profit? Yes, according to Business Ethics magazine. By concentrating on the effects of business decisions made and how they enhance or diminish the well being of others, benefits can be seen for the company, the employee, the stockholder, and the consumer. Many of the corporations that show up on the 100 dress hat Corporate Citizens by Business magazine also show up on Fortune magazines 100 Best Companies to Work For in America and Working Mother magazines Best Companies to Work For. (Do Good, Do Well, 2001, p. 28) Starbucks is one of these companies and has been a regular on these lists. Starbucks is working to empower farmers in East Timor, where coffee provides the livelihood of 25% of the population. The company also participates in various external course of studys to help benefit the environment and provide relief efforts after disasters.Internally, Starbucks offers many benefits to its employees-including tuition reimbursement, partner benefits, a wellness program and a 25 to 150% match in its 401(k) plan. (Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility, may1 2006) These factors are just some that contribute to the success of Starbucks and provide the company with the animal foot t o build a coffeehouse on every street corner. Another company that is perennially honored for its ethical conduct is Southwest Airlines. Although the airline pains has been through what some may characterize as catastrophic circumstances over the last several years Southwest has never cut employee pay. In fact, the organizations employees took a voluntary pay cut after Sept. 11, 2001, rather than allow surging costs to posture Southwest to reduce its pip schedule. Ive been here 28 years, states Donna Conover, Southwests executive vice president of customer service, and from the beginning, weve felt that employees are our greatest assets. (Examining the benefits of corporate social responsibility, May1 2006)An unethical company, however, can expect none of these benefits, and it may actually be part of the reason for failing. A perfect example of an unethical fallout would be that of the crude giant Enron. Former Enron chairman Kenneth Lay, discussing his companys collapse due to fraud, and insider trading and tax evasion, recently insisted that his once great and honest company adhered to prevailing business practices. The Enron task force investigation is largely a case about normal business activities typically engaged in on a daily basis by corporate officers of publicly held companies throughout the country, Lay insisted in a December 2005 speech. Lay went on to say that the Enron task force was attempting to criminalize what he characterized as common business practices. Under Lays perverted ethics code, transactions meant to deceive are not wrong if these transactions, legal or not, are commonly practiced by corporate America. Stockholders often paid the price of such as moral relativism. (Zamansky, 02/01/2006, p. 11a)This points out what should be the overriding reason for expecting high ethical standards in the workplace-its the right thing to do. A recent survey by The Society for Human Resource Management found that 54% of human-resource profess ionals surveyed had witnessed conduct in the workplace which vituperated either the law or common practices of their organizations. Some of the violations witnessed ware, Fair Labor Standards Act, violations of call VII of the Civil Rights Act, employees engaging in fraud, falsifying records, altering the results of product tests, and misusing insider information. (Schumann, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 93) The survey found that 47% of those surveyed felt pressured to compromise ethical standards to achieve business objectives. They stated that they did not report observed conduct due to factors such as fear of retribution, lack of trust in the organizations procedures, the desire to be part of the team, or a feeling that ethics were unimportant to the organizations. (Schumann, Spring/Summer 2001, p. 93)The main culprit for this pervading ethical predicament is moral relativism. Moral relativism is the belief that because different people have different moral principles, there is no wa y to pass judgment on these principles as to their validity or lack thereof. Taken to its extreme, this belief would allow any action, from lying to murder, if the perpetrator simply believes his moral framework does not preclude that action. An small example of this new moral relativism is recounted by Rhonda Gibbs. About three years ago, she recalls, My daughters high school basketball coach, (also a teacher), was having a affinity with a minor. The relationship, she details, was very obvious to those who had daily contact with the pair. Staff, faculty, and students watched the relationship develop over a period of nine months to a year however, not a single person spoke up about the impropriety of this relationship or the seriousness of this crime.Whether for reasons of not wanting to upset the coach, not wanting to look like a whistle blower, or simply to maintain the status quo, this teachers colleagues, the very people charged with protection of the young girl, allowed him t o violate her for at least nine months. The school was only forced to deal with the issue when outside parties informed the police. Although the estatescape sometimes looks bleak for the proponents of a strong ethical society, ethics do get used in a moral fashion, as this next example illustrates. Some surplus land adjacent to a shopping center was donated to a city by the developers who owned the mall. The land was earmarked by the builders to be used for community soccer fields. They then fagged large sums of their own money to develop the fields.The donated land was adjacent to a river, and after many years of spring floods swamping the fields, the city abandoned them. The developers, realizing that the land was no longer being used for their intended purpose, contacted the city. Developers are notorious for taking otherwise useless land and turning it into acres of parking lots. These individuals, however, decided to commute the rightty, at their own expense, into a commun ity wetland park. This transformation took over two years and several hundred thousand dollars.These businessmen, who were well within their rights to demand the land back since it wasnt being utilized for its donated purpose, instead did the ethical thing at great cost to themselves. As I can be seen, ethics are important in the workplace and our every day life as well because they provide higher profits, higher morale, and ethical behavior is the proper course of action. Whether decisions made affect the operation of a home, small business, large corporation, or a nation, a clear ethical foundation will constantly serve to improve our society.ReferencesCompilation. (1999). Bulletpoint. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from Workplace Ethics Web site http//web107.epnet.comExamining the benefits of corporate social responsibility. (May1 2006). Employee Benefit News, pITEM0612100B. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http//find.galegroup.com.Do Good, Do Well. (2001, January). Workforce, 80, 28. Retrie ved May 5, 2006, from http//find.galegroup.com.Dr. Richard capital of Minnesota & Dr. Linda Elder. (2003). The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical Reasoning. The Foundation for Critical Thinking.Guest, E. (n.d.). SoFinesJoyfulMoments. Retrieved May 8, 2006, from Mary (Garren) Morand Web site http//sofinesjoyfulmoments.com/quotes/sermon.htmSchumann, P.L. (Spring/Summer 2001). A moral principles framework for human resource management ethics. Human Resource Management Review, 11 (1/2), 93. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from http//web102.epnet.com.Verschoor, C. (2000, December). Ethical Culture Most Important Barrier to Ethical Misconduct. Strategic Finance, 87, 19-20. Retrieved May 6, 2006, from http//web107.epnet.com.Zamansky, J. (02/01/2006). At the least, former Enron chiefs are guilty of moral bankruptcy. USAToday, 0734-7456, p. 11a. Retrieved from http//web102.epnet.com.

World climate change

IntroductionThe ambiance and interact with each other, the mankind changes the orbit, vol backsideic eruptions and the qualification accepted from Sun alterations these ar answers of the universe mood alteration. Over 100 yeas ago, people had begun firing coal, throttle valve and oil, which lead to climate alteration and causation nursery consequence and worldwide rut. As a consequence of the human activities the procession of nursery gases, such as C dioxide, azotic oxide and methane, govern on planetary igniteing and leads to atmosphere that k outrightn as greenhouse effect . Merely because of combustion of fossil fuels, every twelvemonth everywhere 30 billion metric lots of C dioxide go oning emitted to atmosphere and even 7 billion metric tons to boot go oning to breathe by deforestation activities. Increasing niggardliness of C dioxide in the ambiance dejection increase planetary temperature to 7AC and influence on the planetary biggest ecosystems to resistless recession. For comparing, increasing temperature to 2AC can shoot to disappearance of 20 30 % of species. The nursery gases azotic oxide and methane atomic number 18 increasing by human activities as good and have less powerful nursery consequence than C dioxide. Methane produces on topographic points such as realmfill sites, favored bogs and besides in the backbones of domestic revivify beings. Amount of azotic oxide is increasing by N fertilizers being used in agribusiness.During the last 20 30 old ages the Arctic has been heating twice than remainder of the universe. Land ice and coulomb screen is decreased, during this period, which effect the land heats faster than sea. This heating leads to conditions that Northern Hemisphere is warming more than Southern. In fact, sea degree is rises, because of ice thaws, when warming clime cause that H2O from melted glaciers flows into the oceans and thermic enlargement when warming clime leads to warming H2O in ocean, which is cause sea degree rise.The Kyoto understandingIn 11 celestial latitude 1997 in Kyoto, Japan was adopted and in 2005 entered into force the Kyoto understanding international understanding Convention on Climate Change. In the Kyoto understanding set mark for 37 industrialized states and the European community to cut down nursery gas climb. Harmonizing to the Kyoto understanding, the states should accomplish marks through national steps and offers three commercialise based mechanisms for it emanation trading, clean development mechanism and joint execution.Emission trading or the C market is administrative control of emanation. All split upies of the protocol accepted mark to restrict or cut down emanation. Just because of C dioxide main(prenominal)ly is the chief nursery gas, that s why C now traded like other merchandises.The clean development mechanism allows to a state with emanation decrease or restriction committedness to work on emanation decrease undertakings in develop ing states.Joint execution allows to a state with emission restriction or decrease committedness from emanation decrease or remotion undertakings to gain emanation decrease units.Harmonizing to the protocol, emanations of states have to be monitored and all these records should be kept. The chief aim of the Kyoto protocol is to cut down corporate emanation of nursery gases by 5 % in comparing with twelvemonth 1990. The emanation mark for each state should be achieved by 2008 2012 old ages. The Kyoto protocol is the offshoot measure in planetary decrease of emanation and stabilizing of nursery gases.The causes and effects of clime alterationThere are exist two classs of clime alteration causes inborn and human-made. Presents, scientists in the universe concerned about clime alteration are speed up because of human activities.Natural clime alteration causes. Climate on the Earth changed through influence by natural causes like orbital alterations of the Earth, volcanic eruptions, s olar fluctuations, ocean current etc. Volcano eruptions lead to ejection of sulfur dioxide, dust, ash and H2O vapor to the ambiance, which is influence the clime by increasing planetal coefficient of reflection that causes atmospheric chilling. The chief constituent of clime is the oceans. wide sum of heat moves across the Earth by ocean currents. The sea surface pushes horizontally by air current. Deep ocean H2O moves in way from the poles to the equator and motion of warm H2O back from equator to the poles. The poles would be colder and equator warmer without this H2O circulation. The atmospheric concentration of CO2 determines by the ocean H2O circulation.Changes of the Earth orbit The tilt alterations of the Earth may take to little but of import clime alterations more jousts leads to warmer summers and colder winters and less jousts leads to colder summer and heater winter. This manner of little clime alterations thereby produce ice ages.Solar fluctuations Small alterations in solar system can take to climate alterations. Scientific surveies represent that clime alterations occurred in the past by solar fluctuations. For illustration, the Little ice age between 1650 1850 triggered by solar activity decreasing. However, solar fluctuations can non do planetary heating. Measurements, which were done in the early 1980-s showed that the entire sum of solar energy making the planet decreased of 0,1 % in the period merely over 18 months. Some of scientists tried to happen nexus between clime alteration and maculas. Sunspots are magnetic storms, which are seen dark countries on Sun. However, scientific researches showed that maculas prevented energy of the Sun from go forthing its surface.Human causes of clime alteration. Scientific grounds of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) shows that human activities lead to climate alteration and influence on planetary clime. The chief ground of human activities that lead to climate alteration is t he combustion of fossil fuels ( oil, coal and gas ) and deforestation. Fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal are resources of energy to bring forth electricity, run vehicles and as a consequence of it the big sum of C dioxide, methane and azotic oxide have been emitted to the ambiance. The chief causes of clime alteration in the UK are 4 % C emanations from industries 7 % from agribusiness 21 % from conveyance 65 % from energy generate procedure by the use of fuel. The beginnings with the biggest sum of emanation are conveyance, air travel and use of energy in families.Harmonizing to the IPCC, the three chief causes of the nursery gases addition are land usage, fossil fuels and agribusiness. Agriculture has important influence on clime alteration by production and release nursery gases. Agriculture cause clime alteration by alarming land screen of the Earth, which leads to act upon on ability to absorb and reflect the heat and visible radiation. The combustion of fossil fuels, defo restation and desertification are the chief beginnings of C dioxide emanation.Deforestation leads to construct up more CO2 in the ambiance. We know that trees absorb CO2. Cuting down rainforest leads to increasing CO2 in the ambiance by 17 % .The recent study of the IPCC says that temperature on the Earth in the period of from 1906 to 2005 has increased by 0.74AC and temperature are continue to increase. The call back temperature of the Earth is 14 AC. In instance of natural nurseries consequence did nt be, the mean temperature would be minus 19AC. A assortment of gases causes greenhouse consequence. The important part for it makes H2O bluess. CO2 followed by H2O bluess, causes the content of nursery gases in the ambiance. Current concentration of CO2 in the ambiance is 385 ppm. Before of the industrialization, it was 280 ppm. Air abridgment from ice cap of the Antarctic showed that air contained CO2 more than remainder of gases and than in the all period of 650000 old ages.Cons equence of clime alterationNowadays people can watch effects of planetary clime alteration on ambiance, human wellness, agribusiness, economic etc. Ice on lakes and rivers interrupting up earlier, glaciers have been shrunk, trees blooming earlier, some types of animate beings and workss are shifted. Climate alteration effects were predicted by scientists in the yesteryear, which is go oning sea degree rises faster and longer, sea ice is loss, more intense heat moving ridges. Scientists rather confident about lifting planetary temperatures for decennaries, which have been caused by nursery gases from human made activities.Harmonizing to the IPCC, clime alteration consequence will be vary in some parts over clip, which is depend on the abilities of environmental and societal systems for version and extenuation for alterations. IPCC says that lifting of planetary temperature by 1-3AC in comparing with 1990 will consequence beneficially on some parts and detrimentally on others. These conditions will consequence economic state of affairs of states as good. Some of planetary clime alteration relates on parts are followingEurope Risk of inland inundations are increasing, coastal implosion therapy and eroding from inundations are increasing and sea degree is lifting, snow screen and winter touristry is reduced, glaciers in mountain country is retreats, harvest productiveness decrease in southern EuropeAsia In south, east, sou-east and cardinal Asia predicted decreasing of fresh H2O by the 2050, coastal countries under increasing hazard of implosion therapy, therefore decease rate from inundations and drouths can be increased in some parts.Africa Water emphasis traveling to be increased by 2020, outputs from rain-fed agribusiness in some parts can be reduced by up to 50 % by 2020, badly impact can be on agribusiness production.North America In the Hesperian mountains of North America snowpack is diminishing and therefore, outputs of rain-fed agribusiness of some parts is increasing, strength, continuance and frequence oh heat moving ridges is increasing in metropolissSouth America In easterly Arizona tropical woods replacing bit by bit by Savannah, in some tropical countries species extinction leads to the important hazard of biodiversity loss, impact on agribusiness, H2O handiness and energy coevals.Skeptics and lobbyist about clime alterationHaving talked about clime alteration the most likely to run into skeptics, who denies climate alteration effects by seeing confederacy of grant hungry broad scientists, or rely on viing theories, or see climate alteration as dissimulation from authorities. All brief information on causes and effects of planetary clime alteration shows important hazard for the full universe in all facets of life. Harmonizing to church bench Global Attitudes Survey 2006, 47 % of Americans 37 % Chinese people do nt concern about clime alteration job. These states is the chief manufacturers of nursery gases and non resp onsible on C, which goes up to the ambiance and effects the full universe. The Competitive Enterprise Institute ( CEI ) , which supported financially by such companies as Amoco, Ford Motor Co, Exxon Mobile, Texaco etc, put out information to skeptics. Harmonizing to the CEI, if there are topographic point for scientific argument on clime alteration its agencies that there are non scientific consensus about planetary clime alteration.Aims of the Kyoto understanding awaken deep pocket and are non good for such large industries.Skeptics says that alliance financed by big corporations and trade groups from oil, coal, car industries and figure of the Kyoto protocol in 1997 was $ 1,68mln. During 1990s alliance conducted million dollar advertisement runs, politicians and scientists were debating on how people perilously heat the planet. Presents, their arguments changed on how to respond on lifting temperature.

Required Skill-Set and Knowledge of a Successful Policy Analyst in the Ecowas Region Essay

The Policy Process consists of many different and connected parts and is not easily explained theoretically because it involves diverse grade of actors is influenced by experimentation, learning from mistakes, etc is shaped by discourse and narratives and is highly political. The form _or_ system of government emergence focuses on the way that leads to ending making and it has different stages which include, Agenda Setting, purpose Making, Implementation and Monitoring & Evaluation.In short, we sens now say that the insurance process is the way policy reforms are planned, designed, machineed and evaluated. Explaining the complex policy process requires a policy psychoanalyst who is knowledgeable and trained in the field and is able to solve complex policy issues balance constituents need with the political and frugal realities of governance and gather and analyze training to assist in the planning, development, interpretation, and review of regime or industrial politics. Gu pta, D. K. 2010).A Policy Analyst, also called a tec or a scholar, is a person who works to raise public awareness of social issues, such as crime prevention, access to health care, and guard of the environment. An analyst in government creates policy and evaluates program effectively and provides decision makers with data and hypotheses about the effects of different policies. Blanchard S. (1997). The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded in 1975.Its mission is to promote economic integration in all fields of economic activity, particularly industry, transport, telecommunications, energy, agriculture, indispensable resources, commerce, monetary and financial questions, social and cultural matters. The ECOWAS Commission and the ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development, more than often called The Fund are its two main institutions designed to implement policies, pursue a number of program and carry out development pr ojects in Member States. Such projects include intra-community road construction telecommunications and agricultural, energy and water supply resources development.With this background, we now take look at the key roles of the analyst in the policy process and the skills-set and knowledge an analyst should have to be successful in the ECOWAS Region. To attain the desired aim or result as an analyst can be very challenging when thinking about the potential applications and repercussions of a policy. To succeed in the policy analysis career, one must be on top of logical reasoning and have an intimate knowledge of the levelheaded and political systems in the nation or institution of work, along with an understanding of social attitudes that can influence policy.To identify and prioritize policy issues clarify government policy objectives identify potential conflicts in terms of objectives and interests identify current policies and their consequences identify alternative viable pol icy instruments, their probable direct and indirect consequences and the essay that these may not materialize develop criteria and indicators to assess progress towards objectives design viable policy packages, with associated strategies to obtain political support and to ensure organisational potency advocate viable policy packages in a clear, brief and persuasive way review government policies and design viable policy packages and help policy makers take appropriate decisions on sensitive issues. These are the things a policy analyst does. Blanchard S. (2007).Principally, policy analyst in decision making process should be cognizance of administrative rules, procedures and routines which characterizes the public in action. You should posses a superior application of rationality both in decision (policy) and implementing decisions (administration), have a claim and more rigorous methods of investigation, and effective regard for efficient means of operation. Decision making in th e policy process as an analyst in the ECOWAS Region is hence cardinal to sustain socio-political and economic stability. An analyst should understand and draw distinctions between guidance and policy making, define stages of government activities (decision making), implement those decisions and evaluate the outcome.This analyst must frequently and simplistically offer a solution to what is said to be the central problem of bureaucratic inadequacy, Should be knowledgeable in program budgeting to consociate expenditure budgeting to define goals and outputs, again with the intention of controlling the cost of achieving set objectives. Another essential tool a policy analyst should posses in decision making in the ECOWAS Region is necessary and sufficient information in public policy making information is frequently inadequate and simply not available, yet on that point is constrained supplied by time and events. Chooses between competing objectives can be rationally determined on t he basis of accurate formulation of knowledge. A major problem for rational method is the reliance upon knowledge which is quantifiable. According to Lord William Beveridge (1942) reason and special knowledge have the chance only if there is a channel of access to those who have power.Implementation in the policy process is a crucial business of translating decisions into events of getting done. The policy analyst can at least agree that getting things done, or implementation, is a crucial aspect of the real world of public policy making, and one which has been neglected in theoretical literature. Implementation relates to specified objectives, the translation into practice of the policy emerge from the complex process of decision making. As a policy analyst, management of state policies might be of universal interest, which makes more essential a proper scrutiny of the claims of managerialism. Policy scientist is plausibly, skeptical of how much effect management can have on the success of public policies.As a policy analyst, Christopher Hood once said, real administration give an account of real organizational life and thus summarize his model as follows 1. An administrative system should be unitary, with a single line of authority 2. Objective must be given, uniform, explicit, and known throughout the system 3. Clear and authoritative objective must still be implemented, to achieve this, the system must ensure either accurate obedience or perfect control there must be perfect information and communication, with all task unambiguously specified and precisely unified all these conditions require an adequate time scare for fulfillment.In public organizations, no meaningful distinction between policy and administration is possible, and policies roposed and authorized by former political institutions and participants are in a wide variety of ways influence, mediated, and even altered by formal administrative institutions and participants at both higher and l ower levels. (Hood calls this, in the implementation stage, knocking off the corners to get policy through the front door). The problem of policy making might be clearly define of what is involve in good management which was further demonstrated by the reference to the question of information. Hoods model says that information must be accurate and must be communicated. Clearly, it is essential for governments to estimate results, to measure these results, and learn from them.Evaluation is feedback, and technically such feedback operates as a ego adjusting mechanism, alternatively, valuation might generate more data on which the policy analyst base on to improve population of best future policies. study problem arise with the nature of political leadership and organizational behavior. Political leaders will not be anxious to have too comminuted an examination of their failure this will be particularly so if, as with many economic plans in states, political leaders have never inte nd implementation but sought only the easier fruits of political rhetoric. We need to understand as analyst operating in a complex environment that evaluation is not merely a technical matter, nor even a question of good practice, it is, or maybe a highly political issue.We are always, therefore, likely to find that an absence of evaluation contributes further to the uncertainties an unsystematic nature of politics, and in its analysis, the uncertainty principle might be given great regard. One real effect is to widen the gap which exists between theory and practice. This gap is created in a variety of ways. The most obvious problem is the absence of real political or administrative experience in those who t all(prenominal) and theorize about public policy. This the analyst partly explains to remoteness of theory from the real world policy. many policy analyst would quite deliberately avoid any involvement in the real world of policy on the ground that this might confab upon thei r unwanted intellectual constrictions, as well as quite practical constrains.As an analyst, it not difficult to understand this tension between academic and practitioners, each threatens to interfere with the activities of other. The theorist wishes to distance itself intellectually from the real policy world to avoid the ideological contamination which inevitably comes from actual participation in an commonwealth of policy. The practitioner tends to avoid over exposure to a wide range of ideas.Finally, policy analysis is synonymous with creativity, and with defining problems rather than offering handy solutions, policy analysis the more creative calculations concern finding problems for which solutions might be attempted.To be a successful policy analyst in the ECOWAS Region, you must be able to manage time, be able to think clearly and practically, be able to combine/structure ideas to form theories for research, must be dependable when it comes to creating frameworks for valued and qualitative data analysis, and must have good verbal and writing skills. In short, you must be able to work hard, plan, communicate, do critical readings and suggestions, be logical and have research skills. Have a perception and sense of the region, you must know the political geography and national boundaries, have geographic perspectives on democracy and elections, must be knowledgeable on geography and migration analysis, population policies and issues, and must be able to analyze the sustainable urban development and transfer of West Africa to bring sustained economic growth and democracy to the region.

A Competition I Have Participated In Essay

When I was a little boy/girl, I was interested in impromptu obstetrical delivery competition. I wondered their speaking skill and body movements. They were very smart in my eyes. When they were on the stage, they had no fear and they competed like an nonesuch assimilator. So, I made my mental capacity that, one day, I leave behind be on that stage and show my welled-trained skill in front of many students. I will be an ideal student and I will persuade my juniors made their mind like I did.It is very difficult to participate in impromptu speech competition. Firstly, student who wants to participate must be welled-known his or her title. And then, he must find useful data and information for his title. And he must compose words how will he say in the competition. He, however, cannot compete only by speaking, he must make body movements to complete his competition. The most important point is that he must not be afraid of stage. People use to fear when they are in front of many pe ople and they have to present something. So, I was preparing for all of that fact. One day, my class teacher made an announcement. It was that there would be an impromptu speech competition.Student who wanted to participate, warmed her. So, I gave her my name in a great pleasure. I had my titles of speech and I started to find useful information as much as I could. I was so vile to compete. just now I was so happy. I trained very hard with my topic. My friends helped me and I presented my topic in front of them and they made suggestions.When I thought I was perfect, I went to my class teacher and presented to her. And then, she made a grammatical wrong correction and made useful suggestion. The competition fell on and many students were crowed in the school compound. They were very interested in the competition and they predicted the winner. The competitors held a piece of paper and practiced with their topic. afterwards a short time, the announcer announced that the competition started. After the headmistress said a few words, each of the competitors started to compete.The competition was very active. After one competitor had finished, the applause was very loud. All of the competitors were welled-trained and very smart. Their presentations were very fire and everyone cannot help listening to it. At that time, my turn fell on and I went onto the stage. I drew lots and my title was how will youth overcome the repugn of knowledge age. It was my best preparation. When I was presenting my topic, everyone was quiet and listening. I was very graceful in my mind and my dream came true. Although I won the second prize, I was very pleased because it was my first competition and the first prize winner was smarter and more welled-trained than me. Through the passage of time, I participate in many kinds of competitions. But I shall never forget my first competition and I am proud of it.

If you don’t believe in God, there is no point getting married

If I wanted to get married to psyche but neither of us believed in God and then someone told us that in that respect is no point getting married because we dont believe in God, I would plain not love the person very much. If I had just accepted that and told the person I was engaged to that the wedding is off, then I wouldnt care about them very much in the first place if I didnt even think about what the person had told me properly. If you love someone and they ask you to marry them, could you not believing in God rattling destroy your marriage? Marriage is about love and promising to stay with that person for the rest of your life. The fact that someone doesnt believe in God cant force you into thinking that it isnt right to get married.If I had a different view, and thought that if you dont believe in God there is no point getting married, I can see why that is true in some cases. Most people get married in a church and hymns and holy songs can be sung. I could say that if som eone didnt believe In God, what right do they have to make a promise in the house of God, which they may or may not keep.In conclusion, I think that Even If you dont believe in God, you should get married. If you really loved someone and really wanted to make that promise, you would step aside from your beliefs and commitments just for that day, so you can stay with the person you love, possibly forever.

Cast of Bahay Kubo

The wife of Perry, the adopted mother of Lily, Dahlla,JR, Jasmine, Violet, and Daisy, and the biological mother of Rose. Eric Quizon as Perry The husband of Eden, the adopted father of Lily, Dahlia, JR, Jasmine, Violet, and Daisy, and the biological father of Rose. Eugene Domingo as Marang The best friend of Eden and the wife of Habagat. Gloria Romero as Lola Ida The mother of Eden, the dopted grandmother of Lily, Dahlia,JR, Jasmine, Violet, and Daisy, and the biological grandmother of Rose.Shaina Magdayao as Rose The only biological missy of Eden and Perry, the biological granddaughter of Ida, and the step-sibling of Lily, Dahlia, JR, Jasmine, Violet, and Daisy. She always has a rivalry on her step-sibling, Lily. She also hates Cholo so much because he kept on annoying her. Marian Rivera as Lily The first daughter Eden adopted. She always has a rivalry on her step-sibling, Rose. Yasmien Kurdi as Dahlia The second daughter Eden adopted whose ambition was to render a famous ac tress.Jlro Manto as JR The trio person and only son Eden adopted. Isabella de Leon as Jasmine Along with her biological sister Violet, she is the fourth person and third daughter Eden adopted. Rita Iringan as Violet Along with her biological sister Jasmine, she Is the fourth person and third daughter Eden adopted. Sam Bumatay as Daisy The fifth part and last person Eden adopted and is also he youngest among her seven siblings.Supporting castedit Rayver Cruz as Cholo A classmate of Rose who kept annoying her. Mark Herras as lake A classmate of Lily who kept stalking her. Bearwin Meily as Habagat The husband of Marang. AJ Perez t as Daniel Cholos best friend. Bela Padilla as Janet Roses best friend and a classmate of Cholo and Daniel. Anita Linda as Amelia Mhalouh Crlsologo as Allng Tiny Another friend of Eden and Marang. Julia Montes as Young Lily Jane Oineza as Young Rose

Myth of Gilgamesh Analysis

Liliana Magdaleno Ken Hiltner, Miss Russ English 122 LE October 27, 2011 Word Count 1450 Hero or villain? In all epics, we read almost the endeavors of friendes who fuck off to conquer an evil entity in order to hold back the peace of their constituencies. They exhibit corking virtues such as courage, pride, intelligence, wit, patriotism, and love for the the great unwashed of their land, among other things.Those atomic number 18 typically the qualities that come to mind when we suppose of a hero however, when we think of the evil force that compliments the hero, we think of someone/something that causes harm onto the land, and thus shapes idolise to everyone when the name of that entity is spoken. In the case of The Myth of Gilgamesh, the distinction of hero or villain is distorted. There is significant evidence that suggests that not solo is Gilgamesh a villain, but besides he is an environmental hazard. In the Myth of Gilgamesh, we be introduced to the so-called hero and leader behind the broad jettyed city of Uruk.Gilgamesh had seen everythinghad journeyed to the edge of the worldhad carved his trials on stone tabletsrestored the holy Eanna Temple and the massive wall of UrukGilgamesh suffered all and accomplished all. (2-3) This introduction leads us to believe that Gilgamesh does possess some of the qualities that would make him be considered a hero his soldiers refer to him as the fortress and protector of the people, raging flood that destroys all defenses. (3) It is rather instinctual for the lector to feel an admiration towards the character. However, one must not be so quick to judge.Words are solely words, but actions are far louder. What is true of the statements that are said by his soldiers is that Gilgamesh destroys all defenses, in the ecocritical opinion he destroys the defenses of the Cedar Forest. As the story unfolds, we begin to see Gilgamesh more as a villain than a hero. For example, Gilgamesh does whatever he wants, takes the son from his father and crushes him, takes the girl from her mother and uses her, the warriors daughter, the young parts bride, he uses her, no one dares to oppose him. (4) Gilgamesh abuses his role of the hero/ruler of Uruk so that he can rape women and command his soldiers.He is inconsiderate of the feelings of others and solely does as he pleases without thinking of the well beingness of his people. Gilgamesh feels like he is above men, king of kings. The people of his land dont respect him, they dismay him thus the people of Uruk beg the gods to bring a force strong enough to calm Gilgamesh. That is when we are introduced to Enkidu, Gilgameshs double. Enkidu is the exact opposite of Gilgamesh, he is what epitomizes the desired ideal of a hero he protects the animals from poachers, protects women from the crave of Gilgamesh, and is sensible. He is strong, witty, and has a love of nature.Enkidu is everything the people of Uruk wished Gilgamesh to be. If Enkidu is t he person that suits the role of the hero, it is fair to say that Gilgamesh is not a hero at all. Gilgamesh is ambitious, and wants to be forever known by the people of his land. Thus, he wants to preserve the great walled city of Uruk and make it a relic for the great empire ruled by the greatest the fruitful Crescent had ever seen. This need for an unnecessary relic that will require heavy resource wasting disease (in this case lumber) is an anachronism for a similar phenomenon that occurs deep down industrialized countries, affluenza.Affluenza is the suggestion that material possessions will bring joy to the individual. This is detrimental to the environment because it causes resource overuse and is very unsustainable. The latter part of the myth begins to rise environmental degradation due to Gilgameshs greed. The Cedar Forest is the unknown and savage realm beyond the walled city of Uruk that is protected by an evil force named Humbaba. From an ecocritical perspective, the wilderness beyond Uruk is just nature or the environment.It is human anthropocentricism that makes it hard to piss that the wilderness is not something to fear just because we dont have complete control over it. Man above nature is the cause of the Cedar Forests demise. Our villain-disguised hero needs to venture into the wilderness in order to face himself with his enemy Humbaba it is during this section of the myth that another character flaw is revealed Gilgamesh is a coward for being afraid of the force that is Humbaba (nature manifested as the Cedar Forest). He convinces his double, Enkidu, to embark on the same journey and help him defeat the deity.Gilgamesh is quick to talk about how he wants to be remembered for his glory and ensure that every inhabitant of Uruk will remember the great ruler he was. Yet, he is such a coward that he cannot do this alone. He has nightmares about entering the forest are a psychological indication that he is not as mighty as he thinks he is. T hese nightmares are also critical of the environment, Humbaba is portrayed as a unmerciful monster that will land Gilgamesh from limb to limb, and crush him leave him bloody and mangled on the ground. (29) This perspective of the environment as ruthless and relentless is the driving force for Gilgamesh to want to destroy it, to rid himself of the fears of what nature bestows. Nature is not a scary nor evil as this classic literature suggests, in innovative contemporary times and until now in the pastoral times, nature is giving and ravishing, once the value of the environment is known, it becomes less frightening. Gilgamesh had a fear for the unknown and a thirst for power in essence, destroying nature would be the only way to realize how important nature truly is.After the fall of Humbaba, Gilgamesh stripped the forest of its tall and luscious trees. Not only did Gilgamesh rape the women of his soldiers, but he raped the forest as well. This was the ultimate goal of our villai ns quest Gilgamesh gained full access to the Cedar Forest in order to create the relic that he so desired. Gilgamesh needs to feel that he is in control of everything, including nature. On the night of the attack, the weapons Gilgamesh used to engagement Humbaba were axes, instead of swords or other conventional weapons. This story is a great metaphor for deforestation.Gilgamesh is the modern twenty-four hours logger in thirsty for virgin lands to satiate his thirst for common pool resources. At the moment, Giligamesh only cares about the reputation and glory, not about how much damage he is causing to the land. This damage off out to be one of the greatest environmental mishaps of all time. The Myth of Gilgamesh took place in quaint Mesopotomia. This area was previously referred as the Fertile Crescent. After this large-scale deforestation, there wasnt really anything potent about it. In A Forest Journey by John Perlin, we learn about the technologies created within the era of Gilgamesh.It is evident that as human ingenuity kept rising, environmental degradation followed. The people of the ternion Dynasty at Ur, 2100 B. C. harnessed the power of lumber to create axes, hammers, hoes, and sickles to facilitate work. (37) Tragedy of the Commons, another anachronism, surfaced as the people of the land began the exploitation of the common pool resource of the Euphrates poplar. With the rising demand of wood, policy and trade became instituted and modern day problems such as selling resources at low prices, not including the environmental impact, in humanitarian to transporting these resources long distances.The physical environment also changed with excessive silt and high salinity. Silt was a bulky problem because the Euphrates, Tirgis, and Karun rivers became full of silt and salt (38) water levels declined which made it difficult for irrigation and transportation by ship. blue salinity also damaged the agriculture industry as high amounts of salty mine rals inhibited no-hit crop yields. Throughout history we have read about marvelous cultures with great empires and feats, majestic lands with beautiful relics to preserve their culture forever. Learning about their rise is as amazing as learning about their fall.In the case of Mesopotamia, greedy leaders such as Gilgamesh who wish to preserve his era by essence of environmental degradation not only make him an incompetent leader by virtue of not being humble and lack of desired qualities, but also one of the key reasons that this great civilization became a barren land. Works Cited Mitchell, Stephen. Book One to Book 5. Gilgamesh a new English version. spick-and-span York Free Press, 2004. 1-32. Print. Perlin, John. A forest journey the role of wood in the development of civilization. New York W. W. Norton, 1989. Print.

The Host EPILOGUE. Continued

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